Irrigation Of Wounds with Red betel 20% And 40% to Bacterial Numbers In Diabetic Foot Infection (DFI) Patients

Mayusef Sukmana; Dwi Nopriyanto; Alhawaris

doi:10.30994/jnp.v4i1.108

Authors

Mayusef Sukmana Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
Dwi Nopriyanto Mulawarman University Samarinda, Indonesia
Alhawaris Mulawarman University Samarinda, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v4i1.108

Keywords:

Wound Washing, Red Betel, Piper Crocatum, DFI, Bacterial Numbers

Abstract

Background: The most frequent complications of diabetes mellitus are Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU), which has a risk of death 2.5 times compared to those without DFU. More than half of them have problems with infection (Diabetic Foot Infections). Research on wound washing to control diabetic wound infections originating from phytopharmaca using tropical natural resources such as red betel has not developed. They are a tropical plant that has many benefits containing flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins. Washing the wound with irrigation and swab techniques using red betel 20% effectively reduces the total number of bacteria with diabetic ulcer isolates in white mice alloxan-induced. It reduces staphylococcus growth aureus at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, 100%.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of wound irrigation red betel 20% and 40% of the bacterial rate in DFI patients.
Methods: This study used a quasi-experiment with pre-post test control group design two treatment groups where bacterial samples were taken before and after irrigation using 20% and 40% red betel extracts while the control group used 0.9% NaCl. Sampling using consecutive sampling with a large sample of 10 respondents, the total sample swab is 20 samples. The Levine technique swab does perform in the area of the diabetic wound. Wilcoxon test was used as a different test in each group showing a group.
Results: The results showed that the Wilcoxon test was used as a different test in each group showing a group. of 20% p-value 0,109, group 40% p-value 0,109 and a dick group p-value 0,180.
Conclusion: There was a decrease in the number of bacteria after irrigation betel leaf extract in all groups. The 40% betel extract irrigation group showed an average reduction in bacterial numbers. The DFI wound had an average difference in all groups but was not significant. The suggestion for research follows: Taking more samples, the use of red betel extract as an alternative for infection control in wounds. Further research can be done by isolating the red betel content need for more sampling

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Armstrong, D. G., Boulton, A. J. M., & Bus, S. A. (2017). Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(24), 2367–2375. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1615439

Atiyeh, B. S., Dibo, S. A., & Hayek, S. N. (2009). Wound cleansing, topical antiseptics and wound healing. International Wound Journal, 6(6), 420–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481X.2009.00639.x

Badan POM RI. (2010). Acuan sediaan herbal. In Appl. Phys. A (Kelima, Vol. 73). Jakarta: Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia.

Baranoski, S., & Ayello, E. (2015). Wound Care Essentials (4th ed.). New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306170832_Wound_care_essentials_Practice_principles_Fourth_edition

Benjamin A. Lipsky, Anthony R. Berendt, Paul B. Cornia, James C. Pile, Edgar J. G. Peters, D. G. A., & H. Gunner Deery, John M. Embil, Warren S. Joseph, Adolf W. Karchmer, 10 Michael S. Pinzur, and E. S. (2013). Highlights from 2012 infectious diseases society of America clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice, 21(1), 43–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis346

Beta Subakti Nata’atmadja, I. D. (2013). Buletin Penelitian RSUD RS Dr. Soetomo. Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan RSUD Dr. Soetomo, pp. 49–98. Retrieved from http://repository.unair.ac.id/45267/1/karil_6.pdf

Candrasari, A., Romas, M. A., & Astuti, O. R. (2011). Uji daya antimikroba ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah (antimikroba (Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Eschericia coli ATCC 11229 dan Candida albicans ATCC 10231 secara in vitro. Biomedika, 5(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.23917/biomedika.v4i1.258

Dharma, K. K. (2011). Metodologi Penelitian Keperawatan(Pedoman Melaksanakan dan Menerapkan Hasil Penelitian) (15th ed.). Jakarta: Trans Info Media. Retrieved from https://kink.onesearch.id/Record/IOS3722.SULSE000000000106067/Preview

Dowd, S. E., Wolcott, R. D., Sun, Y., McKeehan, T., Smith, E., & Rhoads, D. (2008). Polymicrobial nature of chronic diabetic foot ulcer biofilm infections determined using bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). PLoS ONE, 3(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003326

Eka Wisnu Kusuma, D. A. (2019). Karakterisasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah. Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada, 0017(0), 71–76. Retrived from http://jurnal.ukh.ac.id/index.php/JK/article/view/331/281

Gaol, Y. E. L., Erly, & Elmatris Sy. (2017). Pola Resistensi Bakteri Aerob pada ada Ulkus Diabetik Terhadap Beberapa Antibiotika di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2011-2013. Jurnal.fk.unand.ac.id, 6(1), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v6i1.664

Gayatri, D. (2008). The Effectiveness Comparison of Betel Solution and Normal Saline to Accelerate of Wound Healing on Infected Diabetic Ulcer. Disertasi. Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta.

I Made Sukma Wijaya. (2018). Perawatan luka dengan pendekatan multidisiplin (I; R. I. Utami, Ed.). Yogyakarta: ANDI.

Jneid, J., Lavigne, J. P., La Scola, B., & Cassir, N. (2017). The diabetic foot microbiota: A review. Human Microbiome Journal, 5-6(November), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humic.2017.09.002

Juliantina, F., M, D. A. C., & Nirwani, B. (2009). Manfaat sirih merah (piper crocatum) sebagai agen antibakterial terhadap bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif. J Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 1(1). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277240292_Manfaat_Sirih_Merah_Piper_crocatumsebagai_Agen_Anti_Bakterial_terhadap_Bakteri_Gram_Positif_dan_Bakteri_Gram_Negatif

Mustofa, I. (2017). Alkaloid immunomodulatory effects of sambiloto ( andrographis paniculate l . ) On the response of gamma interferon and t. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 9(February 2019), 154–158. Retrieved from https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA505467538&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=19950772&p=AONE&sw=w

Pashar, I. (2018). Efektifitas pencucian luka menggunakan larutan NaCl 0,9% dan kombinasi larutan NaCl 0,9% dengan infusa daun sirih merah 40% terhadap proses penyembuhan ulkus diabetik. Repository.unimus.ac.id, (April), 1–19. Retrieved from http://repository.unimus.ac.id/1921/

Pereira, S. G., Moura, J., Carvalho, E., & Empadinhas, N. (2017). Microbiota of chronic diabetic wounds: Ecology, impact, and potential for innovative treatment strategies. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8(SEP), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01791

Pramesti, A., Andiyanti, L., & Effendi, A. (2017a). Evaluation Of Using Wound Cleansers To The Wound Healing?: Literature Review. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 2(2), 14–20.

Pramesti, A., Andiyanti, L., & Effendi, A. (2017b). Peranan Pencucian Luka Terhadap Penurunan Kolonisasi Bakteri Pada Luka Kaki Diabetes. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 2(2), 110–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v3i2.1829

Purwaningsih, I. (2016). Efektifitas cleansing infusa daun sirih merah (piper crocatum) dalam menurunkan angka bakteri total isolat ulkus diabetikum pada tikus putih yang diinduksi aloksan. (May), 31–48. Retrieved from http://poltekkeskhjogja.ac.id/fasilitas/perpustakaan/repositori/send/11-jurnal-dosen-2016/76-efektifitas-cleansing-infusa-daun-sirih-merah-piper-crocatum-terhadap-penyembuhan-ulkus-diabetikum-pada-tikus-putih-yang-diinduksi-aloksan

Saputri, W. E. K. A. (2014). Pengaruh Metode Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Konsentrasi 6,25% Terhadap Jumlah Koloni Bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Kajian In Vitro). Retrieved from http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/76639

Sastroasmoro, S. (2014). Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis (5th ed.). Jakarta: Sagung Seto.

Smith, K., Collier, A., Townsend, E. M., O’Donnell, L. E., Bal, A. M., Butcher, J., … Williams, C. (2016). One step closer to understanding the role of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers: Characterising the microbiome of ulcers. BMC Microbiology, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-016-0665-z

Sutopo, T., Bestari, R. S., & Sintowati, R. (2017). Uji ekstrak etanol 70% daun sirih (piper betle l.) terhadap bleeding time pada mencit jantan galur swiss webster. Biomedika, 8(2), 54–61. Retrieved from http://eprints.ums.ac.id/40603/

Sutrisno, & Hidayat, D. P. (2018). Efektifitas penggunaan daun jambu biji (psidium guajava) dan daun sirih merah (piper crocatum) terhadap pengontrolan odour (bau) pada pasien luka diabetes mellitus di Fatchul Wound Care (pp. 11–18). pp. 11–18. https://doi.org/10.35720/tscners.v3i1.57

Uçkay, I., Aragón-Sánchez, J., Lew, D., & Lipsky, B. A. (2015). Diabetic foot infections: What have we learned in the last 30 years? International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 40, 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2015.09.023

Wolcott, R. D., Hanson, J. D., Rees, E. J., Koenig, L. D., Phillips, C. D., Wolcott, R. A., … White, J. S. (2016). Analysis of the chronic wound microbiota of 2,963 patients by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 24(1), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12370

Yusuf, S., & Tahir, T. (2018). Study literatur penggunaan sabun antiseptik untuk pencucian luka terhadap penurunan kolonisasi bakteri pada pasien dengan luka diabetes. Jurnal Luka Indonesia, 4(September), 108–122. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Takdir_Tahir/publication/326080305_LITERATUR_REVIEW_STUDY_LITERATUR_PENGGUNAAN_SABUN_ANTISEPTIK_UNTUK_PENCUCIAN_LUKA_TERHADAP_PENURUNAN_KOLONISASI_BAKTERI_PADA_PASIEN_DENGAN_LUKA_DIABETES_How_to_cite_Nothing_Nothing_Conflict_of_interes/links/5b36e5b44585150d23e50eb4/LITERATUR-REVIEW-STUDY-LITERATUR-PENGGUNAAN-SABUN-ANTISEPTIK-UNTUK-PENCUCIAN-LUKA-TERHADAP-PENURUNAN-KOLONISASI-BAKTERI-PADA-PASIEN-DENGAN-LUKA-DIABETES-How-to-cite-Nothing-Nothing-Conflict-of-interes.pdf