The Impact of Time Spent on Social Media on the Occurrence of Anxiety in Youth: A Cross-Sectional Study in Surakarta, Indonesia

Aris Widiyanto; Joel Rey Ugsang Acob; France Allan M. Cavite; Tri Yuniarti; Joko Tri Atmojo

doi:10.30994/jnp.v8i4.853

Authors

Aris Widiyanto School of Health Sciences Mamba'ul 'Ulum Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-3265
Joel Rey Ugsang Acob Visayas State University, Philippines https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-322X
France Allan M. Cavite Visayas State University, Philippines
Tri Yuniarti School of Health Sciences Mamba'ul 'Ulum Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4991-3837
Joko Tri Atmojo School of Health Sciences Mamba'ul 'Ulum Surakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6067-8687

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v8i4.853

Keywords:

anxiety, social media, time spent, youth

Abstract

Background: In the era of technology and globalization, social media with youth is something that cannot be separated. However, the surge of information shared easily and sometimes unverified through social media can triggers anxiety, especially among teenager who spent overwhelmingly hours with social media.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of time spent on social media on the occurrence of anxiety in youth.

Methods: This cross-sectional study at the School of Health in Surakarta, Indonesia, examined into the association between social media usage and the levels of anxiety in college students. The method of simple random sampling from 300 student population was used to select the 213 students who comprised the samples. We used a questionnaire to gathering data from respondents then analyzed it using linear regression analysis for determining the correlation between variables.

Results: The results of analysis showed that spending more than two hours a day on social media has a statistically significant effect on anxiety levels (β = 1.75; 95% CI = -0.31-3.19; p = 0.017).

Conclusion: These results offer valuable insights for encouraging students to be aware of how their use of social media may affect their mental well-being. Implementing strategies such as establishing time limits on social media, incorporating breaks, and participating in activities that foster mental health, like exercise, hobbies, or offline social interactions, can prove advantageous.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Afifi, M. (2007). Gender differences in mental health. Singapore Medical Journal, 48(5), 385–391.

Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, Social-Media & Technology. Pew Research Center.

Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. In Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 252–262). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160.

APJII. (2017). Survey of internet users in Indonesia for the period 2019-second quarter of 2020.

Austin LL, J. Y. (2018). Social media and crisis communication. Routledge New York.

Brailovskaia, J., Rohmann, E., Bierhoff, H.-W., Margraf, J., & Köllner, V. (2019). Relationships between addictive Facebook use, depressiveness, insomnia, and positive mental health in an inpatient sample: A German longitudinal study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(4), 703–713. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.63.

Bozzola E, Spina G, Agostiniani R, Barni S, Russo R, Scarpato E, Di Mauro A, Di Stefano AV, Caruso C, Corsello G, Staiano A (2022). The Use of Social-Media in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review on the Potential Risks. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 19(16):9960. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19169960.

Carr, C., & Hayes, R. (2015). Social Media: Defining, Developing, and Divining. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 23, 46–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2015.972282.

Chaplin, T. M., Hong, K., Bergquist, K., & Sinha, R. (2008). Gender differences in response to emotional stress: an assessment across subjective, behavioral, and physiological domains and relations to alcohol craving. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 32(7), 1242–1250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00679.x.

Fathi, A., Sadeghi, S., Rad, A., Rahnmo, S., Rostami, H., & Abdol Mohammadi, K. (2020). The Role of Cyberspace Use on Lifestyle Promoting Health and Coronary Anxiety in Young Peopl. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 26, 332–347. https://doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.26.3415.1.

Frost, Rachel L., and D. J. R. (2017). A systematic review of the mental health outcomes associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 576–600.

Gao, W., Ping, S., & Liu, X. (2020). Gender differences in depression, anxiety, and stress among college students: A longitudinal study from China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 263, 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.121.

Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Chapter 6 - Social Networking Addiction: An Overview of Preliminary Findings (K. P. Rosenberg & L. C. B. T.-B. A. Feder, Eds.; pp. 119–141). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407724-9.00006-9.

Gupta, M., & Sharma, A. (2021). Fear of missing out: A brief overview of origin, theoretical underpinnings and relationship with mental health. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 9(19), 4881–4889. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4881.

Hankin, B. L., & Abramson, L. Y. (1999). Development of gender differences in depression: description and possible explanations. Annals of Medicine, 31(6), 372–379. https://doi.org/10.3109/07853899908998794.

Hartinah, S., Sriati, A., & Kosasih, C. E. (2019). Gambaran Tingkat Gejala Kecanduan Media Sosial pada Mahasiswa Keperawatan Universitas Padjadjaran. Jurnal Keperawatan BSI, 7(1), 123–133.

Hu, S., & Zhu, Z. (2022). Effects of Social Media Usage on Consumers’ Purchase Intention in Social Commerce: A Cross-Cultural Empirical Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(May), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837752.

IWS. (2020). Top 20 Countries With Highest Number of Internet Users - 2020 Q1.

Jamila, A., Setyohadi, D., Limantara, S., Pambudi, P., & Illiandri, O. (2021a). Social media addiction and stress among indonesian medical students in Banjarmasin. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala, 21(2), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.24815/jks.v21i2.19603.

Jamila, A., Setyohadi, D., Limantara, S., Pambudi, P., & Illiandri, O. (2021b). Social media addiction and stress among indonesian medical students in Banjarmasin. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala, 21(2), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.24815/jks.v21i2.19603.

Kakaei, H., Maleki, F., Biderafsh, A., Valizadeh, R., Mansournia, M. A., Pakzad, I., & Pakzad, R. (2023). High prevalence of mental disorders: a population-based cross-sectional study in the city of Ilam, Iran. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1166692.

Kaligis, F., Ismail, R. I., Wiguna, T., Prasetyo, S., Indriatmi, W., Gunardi, H., Pandia, V., & Magdalena, C. C. (2021a). Mental Health Problems and Needs among Transitional-Age Youth in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084046.

Kaligis, F., Ismail, R. I., Wiguna, T., Prasetyo, S., Indriatmi, W., Gunardi, H., Pandia, V., & Magdalena, C. C. (2021b). Mental Health Problems and Needs among Transitional-Age Youth in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084046.

Kircaburun, K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Instagram addiction and the Big Five of personality: The mediating role of self-liking. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(1), 158–170. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.15.

Lebni, J. Y., Toghroli, R., Abbas, J., NeJhaddadgar, N., Salahshoor, M. R., Mansourian, M., Gilan, H. D., Kianipour, N., Chaboksavar, F., Azizi, S. A., & Ziapour, A. (2020a). A study of internet addiction and its effects on mental health: A study based on Iranian University Students. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9, 205. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_148_20.

Lebni, J. Y., Toghroli, R., Abbas, J., NeJhaddadgar, N., Salahshoor, M. R., Mansourian, M., Gilan, H. D., Kianipour, N., Chaboksavar, F., Azizi, S. A., & Ziapour, A. (2020b). A study of internet addiction and its effects on mental health: A study based on Iranian University Students. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9, 205. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_148_20.

Lin, C.-Y., Potenza, M. N., Ulander, M., Broström, A., Ohayon, M. M., Chattu, V. K., & Pakpour, A. H. (2021). Longitudinal Relationships between Nomophobia, Addictive Use of Social Media, and Insomnia in Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 9(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091201.

Liu, X., Liu, T., Zhou, Z., & Wan, F. (2023). The effect of fear of missing out on mental health: differences in different solitude behaviors. BMC Psychology, 11(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01184-5.

Nakaya, A. (2015a). Internet and Social Media Addiction.

Nakaya, A. (2015b). Internet and Social Media Addiction.

Permana, E. (2022). KORELASI MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PADA MAHASISWA PGSD. EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains Dan Teknologi, 10, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.47668/edusaintek.v10i1.625.

Putri, A., Setiawati, Y., Shieh, Y.-T., & Lin, S.-H. (2022). HIGH-RISK INTERNET ADDICTION IN ADOLESCENTS DURING PANDEMIC COVID-19 AND PARENTS’ ROLE. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi, 10(1 SE-Articles), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbe.V10I12022.11-20.

Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., & Xenos, S. (2014). The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(3), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.016.

Şentürk, E., Geniş, B., & Coşar, B. (2021). Social Media Addiction in Young Adult Patients with Anxiety Disorders and Depression. Alpha Psychiatry, 22(5), 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1530/alphapsychiatry.2021.21242.

Tang, C. S. K., Wu, A. M. S., Yan, E. C. W., Ko, J. H. C., Kwon, J. H., Yogo, M., Gan, Y. Q., & Koh, Y. Y. W. (2018). Relative risks of Internet-related addictions and mood disturbances among college students: a 7-country/region comparison. Public Health, 165, 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.09.010.

Tromholt, M. (2016). The Facebook Experiment: Quitting Facebook Leads to Higher Levels of Well-Being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 19(11), 661–666. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0259.

Watkins, S. C. (2009). The young and the digital: What the migration to social-network sites, games, and anytime, anywhere media means for our future. Beacon Press.

Wilson, C., & Stock, J. (2021). ‘Social media comes with good and bad sides, doesn’t it?’ A balancing act of the benefits and risks of social media use by young adults with long-term conditions. Health (United Kingdom), 25(5), 515–534. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634593211023130.

Zanon, C., Brenner, R. E., Baptista, M. N., Vogel, D. L., Rubin, M., Al-Darmaki, F. R., Gonçalves, M., Heath, P. J., Liao, H.-Y., Mackenzie, C. S., Topkaya, N., Wade, N. G., & Zlati, A. (2021). Examining the Dimensionality, Reliability, and Invariance of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) Across Eight Countries. Assessment, 28(6), 1531–1544. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119887449.

Zubair, U., Khan, M. K., & Albashari, M. (2023). Link between excessive social media use and psychiatric disorders. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 85(4), 875–878. https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000000112.